Qur'an's Preaching Arguments Against Infidels and Polytheists
In the Name of Allah, Gracious and Merciful
Peace and prayer are upon Prophet Mohammad, his relatives and his companions
Qur'an's Preaching Arguments Against Infidels and Polytheists
Qur'an address supersedes all types of human address and discourses. It emulates all human arguments. Neither jins nor human beings can surpass Qur'an preaching arguments. To emphasize the supremacy of Qur'an argument we recite: (He "Allah" humbled to the depths the word of the unbelievers. But the Word of Allah is exalted to the heights) Qur'an: Al-Tawbah, 40. Allah, Exalted and High, said, (Say: With Allah is the utmost argument; if it had been His will, He could indeed have guided you all) Qur'an: Al-An'am, 149.
True enough, among the abundant scientific and epistemological methods of arguing, we can mention two methods or approaches used by Qur'an:
First Approach: Exhibiting Facts Directly:
In this method Qur'an directly states the fact dictated by Divine Revelation. This takes place in most Qur'an Verses delivered in Mecca. Here, the arguments of the opponents are not discussed, however, the Islamic Creed is directly manifested: (Say: He is Allah, the One and Only * Allah, the Eternal, Absolute * He begetteth not, nor is He begotten * And there is none like unto Him) Qur'an: Al-Ikhlas, 1, 2, 3, 4. (Say: Verily, I am commanded to worship Allah with sincere devotion) Qur'an: Al-Zumar, 11.
Second Approach: Refuting the Opponent's Arguments:
Here, Qur'an mentions the fallacies adopted by the polytheists and hypocrites. (They say: Allah has got a son, Glory is to Him- Nay, to Him belongs all that is in heavens and on earth, everything renders worship to Him) Qur'an: Al-Baqarah, 116. (The Jews said: Allah's hand is tied up. Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the blasphemy they uttered, Nay, both His Hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendth of His bounty as He pleaseth) Qur'an: Al-Ma'idah, 64.
Consider the rhetoric style of Qur'an, whence it has not refrained from retelling the blasphemies told by the infidels and polytheists, and then it falsifies these heresies. This method of Qur'an argument is recurrent. Islam Testimony begins by negation of All Gods, and then affirmation of Allah alone: (There is no god but Allah).
Therefore, this method of Qur'an argumentation has guaranteed the chance for the opponent to exhibit his argument; and then Qur'an takes to refute the opposing fallacies. In this way equal chances are given, and no terrorism - of whatever type - is exercised.
In fact, the method of pinpointing evil is adopted by some companions- as their specialty. Huzayfa ibn Alyaman used to ask the Prophet (peace and prayer are upon him) about evils lest he should avoid them. In this way he was able to know - through clairvoyance- the hypocrites.
Likewise, the Sunna or Prophetic Traditions have adopted the same style of excellence in treating the opponent.
Such Prophetic Method will be the theme of the coming article.